home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Text File | 1993-02-21 | 7.5 KB | 227 lines | [TEXT/EDIT] |
-
- Received: from iegbox.ucd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie Via SMTP (FibreOptic)
- id aa25249; 12 Jun 92 2:40 BST
- Received: from IRLEARN.UCD.IE (MAILER@IRLEARN) by mailgate.ucd.ie (PMDF #12050)
- id <01GL3XY20MWK8X2Q1D@mailgate.ucd.ie>; Fri, 12 Jun 1992 01:28 GMT
- Received: from IRLEARN by IRLEARN.UCD.IE (Mailer R2.08) with BSMTP id 7634;
- Fri, 12 Jun 92 02:35:20 GMT
- Date: Thu, 11 Jun 92 17:38:06 -0400
- From: dmilne@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA
- Subject: ELEM-IG Lesson #5-A
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca
- Message-id: <01GL3XY20MWK8X2Q1D@mailgate.ucd.ie>
- X-Envelope-to: pwaldron@MATHS.TCD.IE, tim@MATHS.TCD.IE
- Status: O
-
-
-
- A chairde,
-
- This lesson introduces the past and future tenses of the
- verb to be (tá) and the negative forms in the past, present
- and future. It also introduces the first of many prepositions,
- and shows how this preposition combines with the personal pronouns
- to form a set of "prepositional pronouns". This preposition and
- its prepositional pronouns are then used to express "having"
- things.
-
- Have fun!
- Dorothy
-
- ..............................................................
-
- LESSON #5
-
- TO BE, TO HAVE, & THE PREPOSITION "AG"
-
- I. GRAMMAR
-
-
- A. TO BE or NOT TO BE :
-
- Present, affirmative Present, negative
- I am, you are... I am not, you are not...
- [ta:] [n'i:l']
-
- Tá mé Táimid Níl mé Nílimid
- Tá tú Tá sibh Níl tú Níl sibh
- Tá sé Tá siad Níl sé Níl siad
- Tá sí Níl sí
-
-
- Past, affirmative Past, negative
- I was, you were... I was not, you were not...
- [v'i:] [n'i: rev']
-
- Bhí mé Bhíomar Ní raibh mé Ní rabhamar
- Bhí tú Bhí sibh Ní raibh tú Ní raibh sibh
- Bhí sé Bhí siad Ní raibh sé Ní raibh siad
- Bhí sí Ní raibh sí
-
-
- Future, affirmative Future, negative
- I will be .. I will not be ...
- [b'ey] [n'i: v'ey]
-
- Beidh mé Beimid Ní bheidh mé Ní bheimid
- Beidh tú Beidh sibh Ní bheidh tú Ní bheidh sibh
- Beidh sé Beidh siad Ní bheidh sé Ní bheidh siad
- Beidh sí Ní bheidh sí
-
-
- B. THE PREPOSITION "AG" -- AT
-
- Single word prepositions in Irish have a form which is used with a
- noun:
- e,g ag [eg']
- ag an oiléan at the island
- ag Máire at Mary
-
- However, when used with a pronoun, the preposition always
- combines with the pronoun into a new form. Here is the set of
- "prepositional pronouns" for "ag" :
-
- agam at me [ag@m]
- agat at you (sg) [ag@t]
- aige at him [eg'@]
- aici at her [ek'i]
- againn at us [ag@n']
- agaibh at you (pl) [ag@v']
- acu at them [aku]
-
- C. TO HAVE
-
- There is no verb "to have" in Irish. Instead, to express this
- idea, we use :
- Tá + ag + noun (or pronoun)
-
- e.g. Mary has a pen. Tá peann ag Máire.
- He had a car. Bhí carr aige.
-
-
-
-
- D. WORD ORDER IN THE SENTENCE
-
- 1. In an Irish sentence, the verb comes before the subject noun
- or pronoun. Thus, the verb is often the first word in the
- sentence.
-
- e.g. Tá sé tirim. He is dry.
- V S
-
-
- 2. However when the sentence is negative, the negative word
- precedes the verb.
-
- e.g. Ní raibh sé tirim. He wasn't dry.
- Neg. V S
-
-
- 3. Adverbs of time come last in the sentence.
-
- Words like "yesterday" "tomorrow" and "today" come
- last in the sentence. (Although here is a major exception to
- this rule, put these adverbs at the end of the sentence until
- further notice.)
-
- ...................................................................
-
- II. VOCABULARY
- Plurals are shown by a capital letter at the right.
- The letters refer to the plural type given in Lesson #4
-
- Ann áine
- John Seán
- Patrick Pádraig
- Peg Peig
-
- ball liathróid (f) [l'i@hro:d'] A
- bell clog [klog] E
- bottle buidéal [bwid'e:l] E
- cap caipi:n [cap'i:n'] A
- chalk cailc (f) [kal'k'] D
- clock clog [klog] E
- concert ceolchoirm (f) [k'o:lxor'@m'] C
- donkey asal [as@l] E
- dress gúna [gu:n@] A
- fun greann [g'r'an] ---
- game cluiche [klix'@] A
- ink dúch [du:x] dúigh
- key eochair (f) [ox@r'] C
- map léarscáil (f) [l'e:rska:l'] D
- morning maidin (f) [mad'@n'] C
- needle snáthaid (f) [sna:h@d'] A
- notebook leabhar nótaí [l'aur no:ti:] A
- party fleá [f'l'a:] D
- pen (biro) peann reatha [p'a:n] pinn
- pencil peann luaidhe [p'a:n lu@y@] "
- picture pictiúr [p'iktu':'r] A
- raincoat cóta báistí [ko:t@ ba:s't'i:] A
- suit culaith (f) [kul@h] cultacha
- thimble méaracán [m'e:r@ka:n] E
- thread snáth [sna:] B
- tie carbhat [kar@wat] E
- time am [am] D
- toy bréagán [b'r'e:ga:n] E
- uniform éide (f) [e:d'@] A
-
-
- and agus [ag@s]
- but ach [ax]
- also freisin [f'r'es'@n']
- new nua [nu@]
- now anois [@nos'] [@nis']
- yesterday inné [@n'e:]
- today inniú [@n'u:]
- this morning ar maidin inniú [er' mad'@n' @n'u]
- tonight anocht [@noxt]
- tomorrow amárach [@ma:r@x]
-
-
- III. EXERCISES
-
- A. 1. They were not thin, and we were not fat.
- 2. They will be bold (naughty) and we will not be polite.
- 3. We were ready yesterday and we'll be ready tonight.
- 4. The milk was sour yesterday but is fresh today.
- 5. The questions are not difficult.
-
- B. 1. John has a red bag.
- 2. You (sg) have a yellow book.
- 3. She has a nice blue dress.
- 4. We have a new game.
-
- C. 1. Peg doesn't have a pen.
- 2. The girls don't have dolls.
- 3. He doesn't have the notebook.
- (He hasn't the...)
- 4. They don't have the numbers.
-
- D. 1. Ann had the key.
- 2. They had the coats this morning.
- 3. You (pl) had apples and pancakes.
- 4. I didn't have a clock.
- 5. We had no chalk yesterday.
- 6. She didn't have new shoes.
- 7. The schools didn't have books.
-
- E. 1. The boys will have a party today.
- 2. You (pl) will have the prizes.
- 3. You (sg) will have fun.
- 4. We won't have the car tonight.
- 5. I won't have the time.
- 6. The farmers won't have any trees.
-
- F. 1. Patrick had a grey suit and a black cap.
- 2. She will not have silk but she will have wool.
- 3. They had milk but they didn't have cake.
- 4. I have ink but I don't have a pen.
-
-
-
-
-
-